Assessment of Heavy Metal Constituents in Airborne Particulates and their Cardiovascular Implications Among Rail Maintenance Workers in Malaysia – A Preliminary Study

Occupational exposure to airborne pollutants, particularly heavy metals bound to total suspended particulates (TSPs), remains a key concern for rail maintenance workers due to potential adverse health outcomes. This preliminary cross-sectional study evaluated the presence of selected heavy metals in TSPs generated during maintenance activities and examined their possible association with blood pressure among workers in a railway company in Selangor, Malaysia.